Can I Do Acupuncture or Dry Needling After Knee Replacement Surgery?

Can I Do Acupuncture or Dry Needling After Knee Replacement Surgery?

Total knee replacement surgery can significantly improve the quality of life for patients suffering from severe knee arthritis. However, postoperative recovery can be challenging, and managing pain effectively is crucial for a successful outcome. Recently, therapies such as dry needling, acupuncture, and genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have gained popularity for treating knee arthritis and persistent postoperative pain. Despite their benefits, these needle-based therapies may come with significant risks, especially in the context of recent knee replacement surgery.

Understanding Dry Needling and Acupuncture and Their Risks

Dry needling involves inserting thin needles into specific muscle trigger points to relieve pain and muscle tension. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, also uses thin needles but targets specific points on the body to balance energy flow and relieve various ailments. While both techniques can be effective in reducing pain and improving function, they are not without risks. One of the most concerning risks is the potential for infection, particularly in patients who have recently undergone knee replacement surgery.

Case Studies Highlighting the Risk

A study published in Arthroplasty Today details two cases of infections following needle-based therapies. One patient developed an infection shortly after undergoing dry needling, and another developed an infection after genicular nerve blocks. Both cases highlight the potential for severe complications when these therapies are applied near a knee replacement.

• Case 1: A 79-year-old man developed a bacterial infection after dry needling around his recently replaced knee. The infection required urgent surgery and extended antibiotic treatment.
• Case 2: A 59-year-old woman experienced a bacterial infection following genicular nerve blocks. Despite multiple surgeries and long-term antibiotics, she continued to suffer from complications related to the infection.

Why the Risk Is Higher Post-Surgery

After knee replacement surgery, the soft tissues around the knee are still healing and more vulnerable to infection. The introduction of needles into this delicate area can potentially introduce bacteria, leading to a serious and challenging infection.  Additionally, knees with knee replacements are more likely to get infected than native knees because the presence of the artificial joint can provide surfaces for bacteria to adhere to and multiply. 

Recommendations for Patients and Practitioners

Given the risks associated with dry needling and other needle-based therapies after knee replacement surgery, it is essential to take precautions to minimize the risk of infection.

1. Avoid Needle-Based Therapies Near the Knee Joint: To reduce the risk of infection, it is advisable to avoid dry needling and similar treatments around the knee joint, espeically until the tissue has fully healed and the risk of infection is significantly lower.

2. Emphasize Sterile Technique: If needle-based therapies are deemed necessary, ensure that the practitioner uses strict sterile techniques. This includes using sterile needles, proper skin disinfection, and maintaining a clean environment.

3. Consult with Your Orthopedic Surgeon: Before considering any needle-based therapy, patients should consult their orthopedic surgeon to discuss the potential risks and benefits. The surgeon can provide guidance on the safest and most effective pain management strategies during the recovery period.

Conclusion

While dry needling and other needle-based therapies can offer pain relief and improve function, they carry a significant risk of infection, particularly for patients recovering from knee replacement surgery. Patients may indeed find better relief and improved function from these modalities after knee replacement, but it is crucial to be aware of the risks. Minimizing these risks involves avoiding such treatments in the immediate postoperative period, ensuring the procedure is done by practitioners who use good sterile techniques, and considering personal risk factors for infection. By understanding these risks and taking appropriate precautions, patients and healthcare providers can make informed decisions to ensure a safe and successful recovery.

For more information on safe postoperative care and effective pain management strategies, please contact us at Scottsdale Hip and Knee. Our team is dedicated to providing compassionate, expert care tailored to your needs.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. If you suspect you have a medical issue, please contact your healthcare provider immediately. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

Reference: Moody PW, Fehring TK, Springer BD. Periarticular needle-based therapies can cause periprosthetic knee infections. Arthroplasty Today. 2020;6(2):241-245.